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<p>In the early universe, all previously discovered distant protoclusters – such as the Spiderweb (artist’s impression at left) – are full of vigorously star-forming galaxies. In contrast, the newly detected protocluster MAGAZ3NE J095924+022537 contains numerous red and dead galaxies, similar to the nearby Coma cluster (right). The discovery of an ancient cluster of galaxies resembling those found in modern clusters was a huge surprise to the team of researchers from UCI, UC Riverside and other institutions. Spiderweb: M. Kornmesser / European Southern Observatory; Coma: Russ Carroll, Robert Gendler and Bob Franke / Dan Zowada Memorial Observatory</p>

Physical Science

UCI, UC Riverside astronomers discover galactic protocluster in early universe

Researchers surprised to find that many of the galaxies had stopped forming new stars

<p>DESI’s three-dimensional “CT scan” of the Universe. The earth is in the lower left, looking out in the directions of the constellations Virgo, Serpens and Hercules to distances beyond 5 billion light years. As this video progresses, the vantage point sweeps through 20 degrees towards the constellations Bootes and Corona Borealis. Each colored point represents a galaxy, which in turn is composed of 100 billion to 1 trillion stars. Gravity has clustered the galaxies into structures called the “cosmic web”, with dense clusters, filaments and voids. (Credit: D. Schlegel/Berkeley Lab using data from DESI)</p>

Physical Science

Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) Creates Largest 3D Map of the Cosmos

The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) has capped off the first seven months of its survey run by smashing through all previous records for three-dimensional galaxy surveys, creating the largest and most detailed map of the universe ever.

<p>Local magnetic ordering along zigzag edge states (red and blue arrows) in nitrogen-doped graphene nanoribbons induces a splitting in energy of the nitrogen atom’s electrons.<br />
(Credit: Felix Fischer/Berkeley Lab)</p>

Physical Science

Technique Tunes Into Graphene Nanoribbons’ Electronic Potential

Researchers at Berkeley Lab and UC Berkeley have discovered how to directly measure the unique magnetic properties of superthin graphene nanoribbons. The breakthrough could lead to high-speed, low-power nanoscale data storage technologies.

<p>Combining laser beams so that they truly resemble one powerful beam is challenging. The next steps being taken by the project that recently commenced, headed by Zhou, a scientist in Berkeley Lab’s ATAP Division, and supported in part by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, will build upon existing work on spatial combining, as well as amplification in doped fibers. Spectral beam combining (the subject of Zhou’s prestigious Early Career Research Program award from the Department of Energy’s Office of High Energy Physics) and temporal stacking are other ongoing aspects of the overall effort to produce a high-power kilohertz beam from fiber lasers. (Credit: Russell Wilcox, Tong Zhou, Almantas Galvanauskas, Cameron Geddes)</p>

Physical Science

Fiber Lasers Poised to Advance Berkeley Lab’s Development of Practical Laser-Plasma Accelerators

Berkeley Lab researchers have zeroed in on the limitations of laser-plasma particle accelerator (LPA) development efforts and believe they have found a new path forward with optical fiber lasers. A new approach to high-power lasers – combining the pulses from many fast-acting but lower-energy optical fiber lasers – will energize these super-compact accelerators.

<p>In this episode of the UCI Podcast, Ann Marie Carlton, a UCI professor of atmospheric chemistry, discusses her fellowship with the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy. Photo: Steve Zylius/UCI</p>

Physical Science

UCI Podcast: Bringing science to White House policy making

During her government fellowship, Ann Marie Carlton is seeking to use data to reduce pollution from agriculture

<p>The FASER experiment is situated 480 meters from the ATLAS interaction point at the Large Hadron Collider. According to Jonathan Feng, UCI Distinguished Professor of physics & astronomy and co-leader of the FASER Collaboration, this is a good location for detecting neutrinos that result from particle collisions at the facility.</p>
<p>Photo courtesy of CERN</p>

Physical Science

UCI-led team of physicists detects signs of neutrinos at Large Hadron Collider

Scientific first at CERN facility a preview of upcoming 3-year research campaign

<p>Wildfires have ravaged portions of the Sierra Nevada, such as this section along Route 41 south of Yosemite National Park, and UCI Earth system scientists expect the situation to get worse. In a new paper in Sciences Advances, the researchers say that for each 1 degree Celsius rise in temperature, the chance of fire jumps 19 percent to 22 percent. Brian Bell / UCI</p>

Physical Science

Fires in the Sierra Nevada likely to grow in frequency

UCI study links rising temperatures to higher blaze risk

<p>“Wind and solar could meet more than 80 percent of demand in many places without crazy amounts of storage or excess generating capacity, which is the critical point,” says Steve Davis, UCI professor of Earth system science, co-author of a recent study on zero carbon-emissions electricity generation in advanced countries. Steve Davis / UCI</p>

Physical Science

Wind and solar could power the world’s major countries most of the time

UCI-led team analyzes options for filling the gaps in generation

<p>Steven Davis, UCI professor of Earth system science and co-lead of the Carbon Monitor: “Our results show that the pandemic-related decrease in global emissions is mostly over, but also that the rebound in economic activity and emissions has also been quite uneven across the world. Despite hopes that targeted stimulus could boost shares of renewable energy, increases in energy use have outpaced ‘building back better.’” Al Toney for UCI</p>

Physical Science

Carbon dioxide emissions rebound to nearly pre-pandemic levels

Chinese emissions rose substantially while those in Europe and the U.S. remained lower

<p>This scanning tunneling microscope image of a graphene sheet reveals that a Wigner crystal – a honeycomb arrangement of electrons, like an electron ice – has formed inside a layered structure underneath. (Image by Hongyuan Li and Shaowei Li, courtesy of Nature)</p>

Physical Science

Physicists Snap First Image of an ‘Electron Ice’

A breakthrough image captured by scientists at Berkeley Lab and UC Berkeley proves solid state of electrons predicted more than 90 years ago.

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